A new report by global energy think tank Ember has thrown South Africa's coal mines into the spotlight, raising concerns about significant underreporting of methane emissions and a potential major obstacle to climate goals.

The report sheds light on a critical discrepancy: official government data submitted to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) suggests annual methane emissions from South African coal mines are around 8 million tonnes. However, independent studies using various measurement techniques estimate emissions to be significantly higher, ranging from 12 to 18 million tonnes per year.

South Africa was mentioned as one of three countries with the largest discrepancies in reported and independently estimated active mine methane emissions, the other two countries are Germany and Indonesia.

Twice the Reported Methane, Double the Danger

This potential underreporting, if confirmed, translates to several alarming consequences:

• Climate Impact Hike: The additional methane emissions could increase the climate impact of South Africa's coal sector by as much as 50%, effectively undermining efforts to meet national and international climate targets.
• Global Concerns: South Africa, a major coal producer and exporter, contributes significantly to global methane emissions from coal mines. Accurate reporting and effective mitigation measures are crucial to addressing this global challenge.
• Health and Safety Risks: Uncontrolled methane leaks pose safety hazards for miners and surrounding communities. The report highlights the need for improved monitoring and management systems to ensure safe working conditions.

Calls for Transparency and Action

“It is shocking that the vast majority of mines are allowed to operate without measuring what they emit,” said methane analyst Sabina Assan. Ember's report urges the South African government to:

• Implement robust methane monitoring systems: Employing satellite technology, ground-based measurements, and improved reporting protocols are crucial to gaining a clear picture of actual emissions.
• Strengthen regulations and enforcement: Clearer regulations and stricter enforcement are essential to hold mining companies accountable for accurate data reporting and effective emission control measures.

South Africa, facing an energy transition away from coal, has an opportunity to address this challenge head-on. Embracing transparency and prioritizing both climate and safety can pave the way for a responsible and sustainable future for the sector.